Patent

Description:

A set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention. Source: Wikipedia

Examples:

openaire_cerif_xml_example_patents.xml

Representation:

XML element Patent; the rest of this section documents children of this element

CERIF:

the ResultPatent entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent)

Internal Identifier

Use:

mandatory (1) in top level entity. When embedded in other entities the Internal Identifier must be included only for managed information (i.e. entities that have a concrete record in the local CRIS system). See Metadata representation in CERIF XML

Representation:

XML attribute id

CERIF:

the ResultPatentIdentifier attribute (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent.ResultPatentIdentifier)

Type

Description:

The type of the patent (currently just one option)

Use:

mandatory (1)

Representation:

XML element Type from namespace https://www.openaire.eu/cerif-profile/vocab/COAR_Patent_Types

CERIF:

the ResultPatent_Classification (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent_Classification)

Vocabulary:

Patent types extracted from the COAR Resource Types concept scheme: Types of patents as extracted from the COAR Resource Types concept scheme (https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/, the term ‘patent’ and its descendants in the hierarchy).

• patent (http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_15cd): A patent or patent application. A set of exclusive rights granted by law to applicants for inventions that are new, non-obvious and commercially applicable. A patent is valid for a limited period (generally 20 years), during which time patent holders can commercially exploit their inventions on an exclusive basis. [Source: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_943_2018.pdf]

  • PCT application (http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/SB3Y-W4EH): A patent application filed through the WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), also known as an international application. [Source: Adapted from https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_943_2018.pdf]

  • design patent (http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/C53B-JCY5): A patent granted to any person who has invented any new and non-obvious ornamental design for an article of manufacture. The design patent protects only the appearance of an article, but not its structural or functional features. [Source: Adapted from https://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/types-patent-applications/design-patent-application-guide#def]

  • plant patent (http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/Z907-YMBB): A patent granted to anyone who has invented or discovered and asexually reproduced any distinct and new variety of plant, including cultivated sports, mutants, hybrids, and newly found seedlings, other than a tuber-propagated plant or a plant found in an uncultivated state. [Source: Adapted from https://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/types-patent-applications/general-information-about-35-usc-161#heading-1]

  • plant variety protection (http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/GPQ7-G5VE): Plant variety protection, also called a “plant breeder’s right” (PBR), is a form of intellectual property right granted to the breeder of a new plant variety . According to this right, certain acts concerning the exploitation of the protected variety require the prior authorization of the breeder. Plant variety protection is an independent sui generis form of protection, tailored to protect new plant varieties and has certain features in common with other intellectual property rights. [Source: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_943_2018.pdf]

  • software patent (http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/MW8G-3CR8): In order to obtain a patent, a software invention must not fall under other non-patentable subject matter (for example, abstract ideas or mathematical theories) and has to fulfill the other substantive patentability criteria (for example, novelty, inventive step [non-obviousness] and industrial applicability [usefulness]). [Source: https://www.wipo.int/patents/en/faq_patents.html]

  • utility model (http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/9DKX-KSAF): A special form of patent right granted by a state or jurisdiction to an inventor or the inventor’s assignee for a fixed period of time. The terms and conditions for granting a utility model are slightly different from those for normal patents (including a shorter term of protection and less stringent patentability requirements). The term can also describe what are known in certain countries as “petty patents,” “short-term patents” or “innovation patents.” [Source: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_943_2018.pdf]

Title

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element Title as a multilingual string

CERIF:

the ResultPatent.Title attribute (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent.Title)

VersionInfo

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element VersionInfo as a multilingual string

CERIF:

the ResultPatent.VersionInfo attribute (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent.VersionInfo)

RegistrationDate

Description:

Date on which the application was physically received at the Patent Authority. Also named Filing Date

Use:

optional (0..1)

Representation:

XML element RegistrationDate

CERIF:

the ResultPatent_Classification.StartDate linking entity attribute (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent_Classification.StartDate) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/PatentStatuses#Filed semantics

Format:

full date (YYYY-MM-DD) with optional time zone indication

ApprovalDate

Description:

Date on which the application has been granted by the Patent Office

Use:

optional (0..1)

Representation:

XML element ApprovalDate

CERIF:

the ResultPatent_Classification.StartDate linking entity attribute (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent_Classification.StartDate) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/PatentStatuses#Granted semantics

Format:

full date (YYYY-MM-DD) with optional time zone indication

PublicationDate

Description:

Date of making available to the public by printing or similar process of a patent document on which grant has taken place on or before the said date

Use:

optional (0..1)

Representation:

XML element PublicationDate

CERIF:

the ResultPatent_Classification.StartDate linking entity attribute (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent_Classification.StartDate) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/PatentStatuses#Published semantics

Format:

full date (YYYY-MM-DD) with optional time zone indication

CountryCode

Use:

optional (0..1)

Representation:

XML element CountryCode

CERIF:

the ResultPatent.CountryCode attribute (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent.CountryCode)

Issuer

Description:

The issuer of the patent: the patent office

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element Issuer with embedded XML element OrgUnit. A DisplayName may be specified, too.

CERIF:

the OrganisationUnit_ResultPatent linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#OrganisationUnit_ResultPatent) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/OrganisationOutputContributions#PatentIssuer semantics

PatentNumber

Use:

optional (0..1)

Representation:

XML element PatentNumber

CERIF:

the ResultPatent.PatentNumber attribute (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent.PatentNumber)

URL

Use:

optional (0..1)

Representation:

XML element URL

CERIF:

the FederatedIdentifier entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#FederatedIdentifier)

Inventors

Description:

The inventors of this patent

Use:

optional (0..1)

Representation:

XML element Inventors with ordered embedded XML elements Inventor

Inventor

Description:

The inventor: The actual devisor of an invention that is the subject of a patent.

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element Inventor with embedded XML element Person optionally followed by one or several Affiliation elements. A DisplayName may be specified, too.

CERIF:

the Person_ResultPatent linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#Person_ResultPatent) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/PersonOutputContributions#Inventor semantics

Holders

Description:

The holders of this patent

Use:

optional (0..1)

Representation:

XML element Holders with ordered embedded XML elements Holder that can contain an embedded organisation unit or person

Holder

Description:

The patent rights holder, also known as the patentee or assignee

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element Holder with embedded XML element OrgUnit or Person. A DisplayName may be specified, too.

CERIF:

the Person_ResultPatent linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#Person_ResultPatent) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/PersonOutputContributions#PatentHolder semantics; the OrganisationUnit_ResultPatent linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#OrganisationUnit_ResultPatent) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/OrganisationOutputContributions#PatentHolder semantics

Abstract

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element Abstract as a multilingual string

CERIF:

the ResultPatent.Abstract attribute (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent.Abstract)

Subject

Description:

The subject of the patent from a classification

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element Subject containing the classification identifier and having a scheme attribute to specify the classification scheme identifier

CERIF:

the ResultPatent_Classification (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent_Classification)

Keyword

Description:

A single keyword or key expression. Please repeat to serialize separate keywords or key expressions.

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element Keyword as a multilingual string

CERIF:

the ResultPatent.Keywords attribute (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent.Keywords)

OriginatesFrom

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element OriginatesFrom with embedded XML element Project or Funding

CERIF:

the Project_ResultPatent linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#Project_ResultPatent) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/ProjectOutputRoles#Originator semantics; the ResultPatent_Funding linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent_Funding) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/OutputFundingRoles#Originator semantics

Predecessor

Description:

Patents that precede (i.e., have priority over) this patent

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element Predecessor with embedded XML element Patent

CERIF:

the ResultPatent_ResultPatent linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent_ResultPatent) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/InterPatentRelations#Predecessor semantics (direction :1)

References

Description:

Result outputs that are referenced by this patent

Use:

optional, possibly multiple (0..*)

Representation:

XML element References with embedded XML element Publication or Patent or Product

CERIF:

the ResultPublication_ResultPatent linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPublication_ResultPatent) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/InterOutputRelations#Reference semantics (direction :1); the ResultProduct_ResultPatent linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultProduct_ResultPatent) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/InterOutputRelations#Reference semantics (direction :1); the ResultPatent_ResultPatent linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent_ResultPatent) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/InterOutputRelations#Reference semantics (direction :1)

FileLocations

Description:

The files that this Patent has as contents.

Use:

optional (0..1)

Representation:

XML element FileLocations with embedded XML element Medium

CERIF:

the ResultPatent_Medium linking entity (https://w3id.org/cerif/model#ResultPatent_Medium) with the https://w3id.org/cerif/vocab/MediaRelations#Contents semantics